Machine for sawing metal



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J. ,ROBISON,

MAGHINE FOR SAWING METAL.

No. 423.278 Patented Mar. 11, 1890.

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N. PETERS, Phnlouhcgnpher, Washington. D. C.

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- J. ROBISON. I MACHINE FOR SAWING METAL. No. 423,278. Patented Mar. 11,1890,

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(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 J ROBISON MACHINE FOR SAWING METAL.

No. 423,278. Patented Mar. 11,- 1890.

l mmmaa (No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.- J. ROBISON.

MACHINE FOR SAWING METAL.

Patented Mar. 11, 1890.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEPH ROBISON, OF GREENBUSII, ASSIGNOR TO ROBERT J. PRATT, OF. GREENBUSH HEIGHTS, NEW YORK.

MACHINE FOR SAWING METAL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 423,278, dated March 11, 1890.

Application filed September 11, 1889. Serial No. 323,592. (No model.)

To all 1071,0121, it may concern:

I Be it known that I, JOSEPH ROBISON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Greenbush, in the county of Rennselaer and State of New York,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Machines for Sawing Metal; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in machines for sawing railwayrails, metal bars, pipes, and the like.

The machine, as illustrated in the drawings, is of that general type wherein the saw which performs the cutting operation is provided near its periphery with a series of holes orapertures equidistant from each other and from the .center of rotation, so as to receive and intermesh with the driving-teeth of coggearing driven from a suitable source of power.

In such machines as heretofore constructed the holes or apertures referred to have been elliptical or otherwise symmetrical in contour, and the cog-teeth entering the ellipses have been of corresponding regularity and located in a plane at right angles to the saw-blade. This construction is attended with the disad vantage that the entire strain of the sawing operation is practically thrown upon a single tooth and at a single point of the saw, and, further, that the power exerted is not in the line of greatest resistance, but at an angle thereto-c0nsiderationswhichweaken the machine and lessen its effective action for a given power exerted. To obviate these defects, I have made the sides of the saw-blade apertures radial to the center of the saw and the intermeshing cog teeth involute and have in clined the axis of the cog-wheel shaft, so as to make it point to the center of rotation, thereby distributing the strain upon the teeth and saw and fully utilizing the transmitted power. Incident to these changes I have also simplified the power-transmitting gearing and have strengthened and made more compact the main frame-work, besides adapting the machine to be'readily transformed either into a the feed constant and uniform for a given number of revolutions of the power-shaft, the saw-blade when cutting material of varying thickness (as, forinstance, arailway-rail) being compelled to cut with the same rapidity through the thickest portion as through the thinnest portion thereof. As a given source of power to be used most economically should be drawn upon uniformly, these disproportionate demands upon it are of great disadvantage. If the machine be driven by hand, the operator becomes unduly fatigued in making the deepest part of the cut, the feed being too fast, while on the other hand the Work required in making the lighter parts of the cut is not sufficient to employ his full powers, and the feed at that time is consequently too slow. WVhere the machine is driven from an artificial source of power, it is of course evi dent that the feed cannot at any time eX- ceed in rapidity that admissible in making the deepest part of the cut, and that in making the lighter cuts the machine is not working up to its full capabilities.

My invention is designed to obviate the disadvantages referred to by employing feed mechanism of such construction as to compensate automatically for the'varying thickness of the material operated upon, so that with a given source of power the saw will be fed forward at a rate strictlyproportionate to the work to be performed, the arrangement being such that the feed mechanism, set for a normal rate of progression appropriate to the lesser depths of cut, will permit sufficient slip as the saw reaches the deeper parts to enable it to pass through the latter more slowly and to again automatically resume the normal speed thereafter.

My invention further relates to an improved construction of gripping-jaws at the base of the main frame-work, whereby the material to be cut may be held in place, or if itself stationary may support the machine in position.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents, in perspective, my machine as adapted to operate by power. Fig. 2 represents, also in perspective, a view of the machine without the power attachment and adapted to be operated by hand. Fig. 3 represents, in side-elevation and partial section, an enlarged view of the feed mechanism. Fig. 4 represents, in elevation, the improved form of the apertures whereby the saw is driven; and Fig. 5 represents, substantially graphically, the relative rate of feed in cutting, with the machine as shown, through a.- railway-rail. Fig. 6 represents, on a larger; scale, a bottom plan view of a portion of the: saw-operating cog-wheel. Fig. 7 represents side elevation of the entire machine. Fig. 8%

, represents a section taken on a plane indi-.

cated by the line 8 8 of Fig. 7, and Fig. 9 rep-i resents a section taken on a plane indicated by the line 9 9 of Fig. 7.

Similar numerals of reference indicate similar parts throughout the several views.

The main frame of the machine consists of a stout standard or pedestal 1 of cast-iron; suitably strengthened by ribs, as shown, andi having a basal portion 2, provided with screw- I holes, whereby the machine may be set up: for shop use. At its middle portion the pedestal is cast hollow for the receptionof the; body portion 3 of a movable jaw 4, adapted to be operated by the vise-screw 39 and le-l ver 5, so as to clamp the object to be sawed between it and a fixed jaw formed by the? shoulder 6 integral with the pedestal. The; vise-screw 39 passes through an internallyscrew-t-hreaded block 40, held in place within; the hollowed-out portion of the pedestal in any convenient mannerfor instance, by the shoulder 41 and pin 42. By means of this; arrangement the machine can grip pieces of metal of various shapes and sizes, or may be clamped to a stationary object-such as a track-rail or pipe-line-so as to be sustained thereby while cutting through the same.

In the upper portion 7 of the pedestal is mounted an arboror shaft 8, extending outwardly on both sides of the pedestal and terminating in screw-threaded ends, as 9, Figs. 1, 7, and 8, for the reception of the removable operating-handles 10, Fig. 2.

Upon a stationary sleeve 43,which contains the bearings 44 for the shaft 8, is mounted loosely a hollow sleeve 11, forming an oscillatory bearing for the swinging frame which supports the saw 12. In the outer portion of the swinging frame is mounted a revoluble latterintermeshes with a crown gear l6, fixed to the upper end of a shaft 17, supported in of the main casting 1.

the sides of the teeth 20 are likewise radial thereto. This arrangement and construction, in connection with the involute form ofthe teeth of the driving-cog 19, enables the power to be applied to the driving of the saw with the greatest advantage and with the minimum strain upon the material of the saw, while the resistant strength of the teeth is greatly increased by their shape and the manner in which they enter the apertures 20.

In Figs. 1, 7, and 9 I have illustrateda simple and efficacious way of adapting the handmachine (shown in Fig. 2) to be driven by power. In carrying out this part of my invention I employ a two-part clip 21, provided with ears or lugs, as shown, whereby it may be bolted and clamped firmly upon the hollow sleeve 11,forminga part of the swinging frame. Wit-hin the clip is contained a stud 22, upon which is mounted loosely a sleeve 23,bearing the pulley 25, adapted to be fixed thereon, and the gear 24. The stud-is eccentric, as shown, so that by turning said stud in its bearings within the clip the gear 24 may be made to mesh accurately with the gear 14 upon the driving-shaft 8, whereupon the stud is clamped against rotation by means of the end nut 26. (See Fig. 8.)

I will now describe the means whereby the saw is fed forward toward the work as the depth of the out increases. Upon the inner end of the driving-shaft 8 is fixed the worm 27, meshing with a worm-gear28, fixed upon the upper end of a vertical shaft 29, mounted in a bearing 30, attached to the side A worm 31 is formed on the lower end of the shaft 29 and meshes with a worm-gear 32, mounted loosely upon a horizontal shaft 33, revolving in bearings attached to the main casting and having at its opposite end a pinion 34, meshing with a quadrant 35, fastened to the swinging sawframe by a pin 45, or otherwise. As shown more fully in Fig. 3, the loosely-mounted worm-gear 32 abuts against a collar 36, fixed upon the shaft 33 by the pin 37. The wormgear 32 has also a circular recesson its outer face, within which circular recess fits a friction-disk 38, of leather, rubber, or other material. A metallic washer 39 is feathered upon the shaft 33, and outside of the washer is mounted upon the threaded end of the shaft a nut 40, which by being screwed up can be made to exert a greater or less pressure against the washer 39 and (through the friction-disk 38) against theworm-gear 32.

In Figs. 1, 2, 7, and 9 of the drawings the vise-like base of the machine is shown as clamping a pipe 46.

The operation of this part of my invention is as follows: The driving-shaft 8 during the revolution of the saw 12 will transmit mo tion to the loose worm-gear 32 through the,

- It is in general such that when the saw is m'akingthe lesser depths of cut the resist ance offered by the material to its, forward feed and to the revolution of the shaft 33 shall not be sufficient to affect the frictional connection'between it and the worm-gear 32, so that for the said lesser cuts the swinging frame and saw will be fed forward toward the work at the normal speed due to the ratio of the gearing between the worm 27 and the segment 35. When, however, the saw enters the deeper portions of the cut, the shaft 33 meets with resistance, and the frictional connection not being sufficient to overcome this resistance, the worm-gear 32 will slip, thereby temporarily interrupting the revolution of the shaft 33. Consequently the forward feed of the swinging frame andits saw will be proportionately interrupted, although the saws revolution remains constant. The saw will therefore progress more slowly through the deeper portions of the out.

In Fig. 5 is roughly illustrated the manner in which the saw when hung in a swinging frame will cut through a railway-rail of the ordinary kind. The distances between the sectional lines in saidfigure indicate, respectively, the rapidity-of feed of the saw in passing through the varying thicknesses of the cut, beginning at the upper left-hand corner of the head of the rail. It will be noted that in the beginning the feed is normal, but decreases as the distance through which the saw cuts increases, until the head is cut through. In passing through the web of the rail the feed becomes once more normal, decreasing again at the railfoot, and once more increasing at the basal flanges.

A suitable cup 47, having a dependent tube 48, provided with a regulating-cock, as shown, may be employed to supply oil to the saws periphery. It may ,conveniently be connected to one of two cheek-pieces 49 50, which serve the purpose of guiding the saw at the point where it passes the cog-wheel19, so that it may not be deflected by the movement of the 00. These cheek-pieces are respectively on opposite sides of the periphery of the saw, and are fastened to the swinging frame by means of a bolt, as indicated at 51.

Having thus d escribed my invention, what I claim is I 1. In a sawing-machine, the combination, with the saw having peripheral openings, of a eog-wheel meshing with said openings, the axis of the cog-wheel shaft being directed to the center of the saw and inclined to its plane, substantially as described.

2. In a sawing-machine, the combination, with the saw having peripheral openings, of a cog-wheel meshing with said openings, the teeth of said cog-wheel being involute, and the axis of the cog-wheel shaft being directed to the center of the saw and inclined to its plane, substantially as described.

3. In a sawing-machine, the combination, with the saw having peripheral openings, of a cog-wheel meshing with said openings, the teeth of said-cogwheel being involute, substantially as described.

4. In a sawing machine, the combination, with the saw having peripheral openings whose sides are radial to the center of the saw, of a cog-wheel meshing with said openings, the teeth of said cog-wheel being involute, substantially as described.

5. In a sawing machine, the combination, with the saw having peripheral openings whose sides are radial to the center of the saw, of a cog-wheel meshing with said opencog-wheel shaft being directed to the center of the saw and inclined to its plane, a crownwheel upon the inner end of the said shaft, and a bevehgear meshing with the crown wheel and geared to the driving shaft of the machine, substantially as described.

7. In a sawingmachine, the combination, with the main frame and the driving-shaft mounted in bearings therein, of the swinging saw-frame provided with a hollow sleeve por tion mounted upon the drivingshaft, a clip adapted to be clamped to said hollowsleeve portion and containing a stud, a driving-puL ley and cog mounted to revolve upon the stud, and a cog mounted upon the driving-shaft and meshing with the pulley-cog, substan* 9. In a sawing-machine, the combination, with the saw, of power-transmitting gearing for rotating the saw, a movable frame within which the saw is mounted, a feed-shaft geared to the saw-frame, a gear mounted loosely upon said feed-shaft and meshing with the power-transmitting gearing, and a frictiongrip for making frictional connection between the feed-shaft and said gear, substantially as described.

10. In a sawing-machine, the combination, with the saw, of power-transmitting gearing for rotating the saw, a movable frame within which the saw is mounted, a feed-shaft geared to the'saw-frame, a gear 32, mounted loosely upon the feed-shaft and meshing with the power-transmitting gearing, an adjustable nut 40, mounted upon the end of the feedshaft, andfriction-disks between said nut and gear, substantially as described.

11. In a sawing-machine, the combination, with the saw, of power-transmitting gearingfor rotating the saw, a swinging frame within which the saw is mounted, a rack con-{ nected to "said swinging frame, a feed-shafthaving a fixed pinion meshing with the rack, and gearing connecting the feed-shaft withj the power-transmitting mechanism, substan-j tially as described. i

12. In a saWing-m-achine, the combination,

13. In a sawing-machine, the combination,

with the saw, of the driving-shaft 8, gearing to rotate the saw therefrom, aworm 27 at the end of the driving-shaft, a vertical shaft 29,

having the gear 28, meshing with said worm, and having the worm 31, a feed-shaft 33, having the loose gear 32, meshing with the worm 31, and having the nut 40, and friction-disks 38 39, and the movable frame-within which the saw is mounted, said frame being connected to the rack 35, geared to the feedshaft, substantially as described.

14. As a new article of manufacture, a saw having peripheral openings whose sides are radial to the center of the saw, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOSEPH ROBISON.

Witnesses:

JOHN S. DIACK, LEWIs F. ALRU'TZ. 

